Upgrade Kong Gateway 3.x.x

Upgrade to major, minor, and patch Kong Gateway releases using the kong migrations commands.

You can also use the commands to migrate all Kong Gateway open-source entities to Kong Gateway (Enterprise). See Migrating from Kong Gateway (OSS) to Kong Gateway.

If you experience any issues when running migrations, contact Kong Support for assistance.

Upgrade path for Kong Gateway releases

Kong adheres to semantic versioning, which makes a distinction between major, minor, and patch versions.

The upgrade to 3.2.x is a minor upgrade. The lowest version that Kong 3.2.x supports migrating from directly is 3.0.x.

Important: Blue-green migration in traditional mode for versions below 2.8.2 to 3.0.x is not supported. The 2.8.2 release includes blue-green migration support. If you want to perform migrations for traditional mode with no downtime, upgrade to 2.8.2, then migrate to 3.2.x.

While you can upgrade directly to the latest version, be aware of any breaking changes between the 2.x and 3.x series noted in this document (both this version and prior versions) and in the open-source (OSS) and Enterprise Gateway changelogs. Since Kong Gateway is built on an open-source foundation, any breaking changes in OSS affect all Kong Gateway packages.

Kong Gateway does not support directly upgrading from 1.x to 3.2.x. If you are running 1.x, upgrade to 2.8.2 first and then to 3.0.x and 3.1.x at a minimum. Finally, upgrade to 3.2.x from there.

In either case, you can review the upgrade considerations, then follow the database migration instructions.

Upgrade path for Kong Gateway 3.2.x

The following table outlines various upgrade path scenarios to 3.2.x depending on the Kong Gateway version you are currently using:

Upgrade considerations and breaking changes

Before upgrading, review any configuration or breaking changes in this version and prior versions that affect your current installation.

You may need to adopt different upgrade paths depending on your deployment methods, set of features in use, custom plugins, for example.

PostgreSQL SSL version bump

The default PostgreSQL SSL version has been bumped to TLS 1.2.

This causes changes to pg_ssl_version (set through kong.conf):

• The default value is now tlsv1_2.
• pg_ssl_version previously accepted any string. In this version, it requires one of the following values: tlsv1_1, tlsv1_2, tlsv1_3 or any.

This mirrors the setting ssl_min_protocol_version in PostgreSQL 12.x and onward. See the PostgreSQL documentation for more information about that parameter.

To use the default setting in kong.conf, verify that your Postgres server supports TLS 1.2 or higher versions, or set the TLS version yourself.

TLS versions lower than tlsv1_2 are already deprecated and are considered insecure from PostgreSQL 12.x onward.

Changes to the Kong-Debug header

Added the allow_debug_header configuration property to kong.conf to constrain the Kong-Debug header for debugging. This option defaults to off.

If you were previously relying on the Kong-Debug header to provide debugging information, set allow_debug_header: on in kong.conf to continue doing so.

JWT plugin

The JWT plugin now denies any request that has different tokens in the JWT token search locations.

Session library upgrade

The lua-resty-session library has been upgraded to v4.0.0. This version includes a full rewrite of the session library.

This upgrade affects the following:

• Session plugin
• OpenID Connect plugin
• SAML plugin
• Any session configuration that uses the Session or OpenID Connect plugin in the background, including sessions for Kong Manager and Dev Portal.

All existing sessions are invalidated when upgrading to this version. For sessions to work as expected in this version, all nodes must run Kong Gateway 3.2.x or later. If multiple data planes run different versions, every time a user hits a different DP, even for the same endpoint, the previous session is invalidated.

For that reason, we recommend that during upgrades, proxy nodes with mixed versions run for as little time as possible. During that time, the invalid sessions could cause failures and partial downtime.

You can expect the following behavior:

• After upgrading the control plane: Existing Kong Manager and Dev Portal sessions will be invalidated and all users will be required to log back in.
• After upgrading the data planes: Existing proxy sessions will be invalidated. If you have an IdP configured, users will be required to log back into the IdP.

Session configuration parameter changes

The session library upgrade includes new, changed, and removed parameters. Here’s how they function:

• The new parameter idling_timeout, which replaces cookie_lifetime, has a default value of 900. Unless configured differently, sessions expire after 900 seconds (15 minutes) of idling.
• The new parameter absolute_timeout has a default value of 86400. Unless configured differently, sessions expire after 86400 seconds (24 hours).
• All renamed parameters will still work by their old names.
• Any removed parameters will not work anymore. They won’t break your configuration, and sessions will continue to function, but they will not contribute anything to the configuration.

Existing session configurations will still work as configured with the old parameters.

Do not change any parameters to the new ones until all CP and DP nodes are upgraded.

After you have upgraded all of your CP and DP nodes to 3.2 and ensured that your environment is stable, we recommend updating parameters to their new renamed versions, and cleaning out any removed parameters from session configuration to avoid unpredictable behavior.

Session plugin

SAML plugin

OpenID Connect plugin

Kong for Kubernetes considerations

The Helm chart automates the upgrade migration process. When running helm upgrade, the chart spawns an initial job to run kong migrations up and then spawns new Kong pods with the updated version. Once these pods become ready, they begin processing traffic and old pods are terminated. Once this is complete, the chart spawns another job to run kong migrations finish.

While the migrations themselves are automated, the chart does not automatically ensure that you follow the recommended upgrade path. If you are upgrading from more than one minor Kong Gateway version back, check the upgrade path recommendations.

Although not required, users should upgrade their chart version and Kong Gateway version independently. In the event of any issues, this will help clarify whether the issue stems from changes in Kubernetes resources or changes in Kong Gateway.

For specific Kong for Kubernetes version upgrade considerations, see Upgrade considerations

Kong deployment split across multiple releases

The standard chart upgrade automation process assumes that there is only a single Kong Gateway release in the Kong Gateway cluster, and runs both migrations up and migrations finish jobs.

If you split your Kong Gateway deployment across multiple Helm releases (to create proxy-only and admin-only nodes, for example), you must set which migration jobs run based on your upgrade order.

To handle clusters split across multiple releases, you should:

1. Upgrade one of the releases with:

   helm upgrade RELEASENAME -f values.yaml \
   --set migrations.preUpgrade=true \
   --set migrations.postUpgrade=false
   

2. Upgrade all but one of the remaining releases with:

   helm upgrade RELEASENAME -f values.yaml \
   --set migrations.preUpgrade=false \
   --set migrations.postUpgrade=false
   

3. Upgrade the final release with:

   helm upgrade RELEASENAME -f values.yaml \
   --set migrations.preUpgrade=false \
   --set migrations.postUpgrade=true
   

This ensures that all instances are using the new Kong Gateway package before running kong migrations finish.

Hybrid mode considerations

Important: If you are currently running in hybrid mode, upgrade the control plane first, and then the data planes.

• If you are currently running the previous version in classic (traditional) mode and want to run in hybrid mode instead, follow the hybrid mode installation instructions after running the migration.
• Custom plugins (either your own plugins or third-party plugins that are not shipped with Kong Gateway) need to be installed on both the control plane and the data planes in hybrid mode. Install the plugins on the control plane first, and then the data planes.
• The Rate Limiting Advanced plugin does not support the cluster strategy in hybrid mode. The redis strategy must be used instead.

Template changes

There are changes in the Nginx configuration file between every minor and major version of Kong Gateway starting with 2.0.x.

In 3.0.x, the deprecated alias of Kong.serve_admin_api was removed. If your custom Nginx templates still use it, change it to Kong.admin_content.

git clone https://github.com/kong/kong
cd kong
git diff -w 2.0.0 3.2.2 kong/templates/nginx_kong*.lua

git diff 2.0.0 3.2.2 kong/templates/nginx_kong*.lua > kong_config_changes.diff

General upgrade path

Running kong migrations in this workflow is irrevocable, therefore we recommend that you backup data before making any changes.

Depending on the database you’re using (Postgres or Cassandra), a database dump is recommended so that you can recover from migrations failure at the database level.

Additionally, Kong Gateway supports exporting data in YAML format with kong config db_export, which later on can be imported back by kong config db_import. For more information, see kong config CLI.

Traditional mode

1. Clone your database.
2. Download the version of Kong Gateway you want to upgrade to, and configure it to point to the cloned data store. Run kong migrations up and kong migrations finish.
3. Start the new Kong Gateway version cluster.
4. Now both the old and new clusters can now run simultaneously. Start provisioning the new Kong Gateway version nodes.
5. Gradually divert traffic away from your old nodes, and into your new cluster. Monitor your traffic to make sure everything is going smoothly.
6. When your traffic is fully migrated to the new cluster, decommission your old nodes.

Hybrid mode

Do not make any changes to Kong configuration (kong.conf) or use the Admin API in the middle of an upgrade. This can cause incompatibilities between data plane nodes.

Perform a rolling upgrade of your cluster:

1. Download the version of Kong Gateway you want to upgrade to.
2. Decommission your existing control plane. Your existing data planes can continue to handle proxy traffic during this time, even with no active control plane.
3. Configure the new Kong Gateway version control plane to point to the same data store as your old control plane. Run kong migrations up and kong migrations finish.
4. Start the new control plane.
5. Start new data planes.
6. Gradually divert traffic away from your old data planes, and into the new data planes. Monitor your traffic to make sure everything is going smoothly.
7. When your traffic is fully migrated to the new cluster, decommission your old data planes.

Upgrade to Kong Gateway 3.x.x and retain 2.x.x alerts for Prometheus

You can upgrade to Kong Gateway 3.x.x while still retaining your Kong Gateway 2.x.x Prometheus alerts or dashboards. This can be useful if you don’t have the capacity to patch them to comply with the new Kong Gateway 3.x.x Prometheus metrics.

Convert Kong Gateway 3.x.x Prometheus metrics into Kong Gateway 2.x.x Prometheus metrics in the kong.config file:

- job_name: kong-3x-metrics-as-kong-2x
  scrape_interval: 20s
  scrape_timeout: 19s
  metrics_path: /metrics
  scheme: http
  metric_relabel_configs:
    - action: replace
      source_labels:
        - __name__
      regex: kong_http_requests_total
      target_label: __name__
      replacement: kong_http_status

    - action: replace
      source_labels:
        - __name__
      regex: kong_(.*)_latency_ms_(bucket|count|sum)
      target_label: type
      replacement: $1
    - action: replace
      source_labels:
        - __name__
      regex: kong_(.*)_latency_ms_(bucket|count|sum)
      target_label: __name__
      replacement: kong_latency_$2

    - action: replace
      source_labels:
        - __name__
        - direction
      regex: (kong_bandwidth_bytes);(egress|ingress)
      separator: ;
      target_label: type
      replacement: $2
    - action: replace
      source_labels:
        - __name__
      regex: kong_bandwidth_bytes
      target_label: __name__
      replacement: kong_bandwidth

    - action: replace
      source_labels:
        - __name__
      regex: kong_nginx_connections_total
      target_label: node_id
      replacement: ""
    - action: replace
      source_labels:
        - __name__
      regex: kong_nginx_connections_total
      target_label: subsystem
      replacement: ""
    - action: replace
      source_labels:
        - __name__
      regex: kong_nginx_connections_total
      target_label: __name__
      replacement: kong_nginx_http_current_connections