Running Kong as a Non-Root User

After installing Kong Gateway on a GNU/Linux system, you can configure Kong to run as the built-in kong user and group instead of root. This makes the Nginx master and worker processes run as the built-in kong user and group, overriding any settings in the nginx_user configuration property. It is also possible to run Kong as a custom non-root user.

Important: The Nginx master process needs to run as root for Nginx to execute certain actions (for example, to listen on the privileged port 80).

Although running Kong as the kong user and group does provide more security, we advise that a system and network administration evaluation be performed before making this decision. Otherwise, Kong nodes might become unavailable due to insufficient permissions to execute privileged system calls in the operating system.

Prerequisites

Kong Gateway is installed on one of the following Linux distributions:

Run Kong Gateway as the built-in kong user

When Kong Gateway is installed with a package management system such as APT or YUM, a default kong user and a default kong group are created. All the files installed by the package are owned by the kong user and group.

Switch to the built-in kong user:
```
 $ su kong
```
Start Kong:
```
 kong start
```

Run Kong Gateway as a custom non-root user

It is also possible to run Kong as a custom non-root user. Since all the files installed by the Kong Gateway package are owned by the kong group, a user that belongs to that group should be permitted to perform the same operations as the kong user.

Add the user to the kong group
```
 sudo usermod -aG kong your-user
```
Start Kong:
```
 kong start
```