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Authentication

Learn to configure multiple authentication options for consumers using the Kong Ingress Controller.

The default behavior for Kong authentication plugins is to require credentials for all requests even if a request has been authenticated through another plugin. Configure an anonymous consumer on your authentication plugins to set clients authentication options.

Prerequisites: Install Kong Ingress Controller with Gateway API support in your Kubernetes cluster and connect to Kong.

Prerequisites

Install the Gateway APIs

Install the Gateway API CRDs before installing Kong Ingress Controller.

 kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/gateway-api/releases/download/v1.0.0/standard-install.yaml

Create a Gateway and GatewayClass instance to use.

echo "
---
apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: GatewayClass
metadata:
  name: kong
  annotations:
    konghq.com/gatewayclass-unmanaged: 'true'

spec:
  controllerName: konghq.com/kic-gateway-controller
---
apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Gateway
metadata:
  name: kong
spec:
  gatewayClassName: kong
  listeners:
  - name: proxy
    port: 80
    protocol: HTTP
    allowedRoutes:
      namespaces:
         from: All
" | kubectl apply -f -

The results should look like this:

gatewayclass.gateway.networking.k8s.io/kong created
gateway.gateway.networking.k8s.io/kong created

Install Kong

You can install Kong in your Kubernetes cluster using Helm.

Add the Kong Helm charts:

 helm repo add kong https://charts.konghq.com
 helm repo update

Install Kong Ingress Controller and Kong Gateway with Helm:

 helm install kong kong/ingress -n kong --create-namespace 

Test connectivity to Kong

Kubernetes exposes the proxy through a Kubernetes service. Run the following commands to store the load balancer IP address in a variable named PROXY_IP:

Populate $PROXY_IP for future commands:

 export PROXY_IP=$(kubectl get svc --namespace kong kong-gateway-proxy -o jsonpath='{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].ip}')
 echo $PROXY_IP

Ensure that you can call the proxy IP:

 curl -i $PROXY_IP

The results should look like this:

 HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
 Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
 Connection: keep-alive
 Content-Length: 48
 X-Kong-Response-Latency: 0
 Server: kong/3.0.0
  
 {"message":"no Route matched with those values"}

Deploy an upstream HTTP application

Create a Kubernetes service setup a httpbin service in the cluster and proxy it.

kubectl apply -f https://docs.konghq.com/assets/kubernetes-ingress-controller/examples/httpbin-service.yaml

The results should look like this:

service/httpbin created
deployment.apps/httpbin created

Gateway API

Ingress

echo "
apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: HTTPRoute
metadata:
  name: httpbin
  annotations:
    konghq.com/strip-path: 'true'
spec:
  parentRefs:
  - name: kong
  rules:
  - matches:
    - path:
        type: PathPrefix
        value: /test
    backendRefs:
    - name: httpbin
      kind: Service
      port: 80
" | kubectl apply -f -

echo "
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: httpbin
  annotations:
    konghq.com/strip-path: 'true'
spec:
  ingressClassName: kong
  rules:
  - http:
      paths:
      - path: /test
        pathType: ImplementationSpecific
        backend:
          service:
            name: httpbin
            port:
              number: 80
" | kubectl apply -f -

The results should look like this:

      Gateway API
    
      Ingress
    
httproute.gateway.networking.k8s.io/httpbin created
ingress.networking.k8s.io/httpbin created

Create Consumers and secrets

Create two consumers that use different authentication methods:

consumer-1 uses basic-auth
consumer-2 uses key-auth

Create a secret to add basic-auth credential for consumer-1.

 echo '
 apiVersion: v1
 kind: Secret
 metadata:
   name: consumer-1-basic-auth
   labels:
     konghq.com/credential: basic-auth
 stringData:
     username: consumer-1
     password: consumer-1-password
 ' | kubectl apply -f -

The results should look like this:

 secret/consumer-1-basic-auth created

Create a consumer named consumer-1.

 echo "apiVersion: configuration.konghq.com/v1
 kind: KongConsumer
 metadata:
   name: consumer-1
   annotations:
     kubernetes.io/ingress.class: kong
 username: consumer-1
 credentials:
 - consumer-1-basic-auth
" | kubectl apply -f -

The results should look like this:

 kongconsumer.configuration.konghq.com/consumer-1 created

Create a secret to add key-auth credential for consumer-2.

 echo '
 apiVersion: v1
 kind: Secret
 metadata:
   name: consumer-2-key-auth
   labels:
     konghq.com/credential: key-auth
 stringData:
   key: consumer-2-password
 ' | kubectl apply -f -

The results should look like this:

 secret/consumer-2-key-auth created

Create a consumer named consumer-2.

 echo "apiVersion: configuration.konghq.com/v1
 kind: KongConsumer
 metadata:
   name: consumer-2
   annotations:
     kubernetes.io/ingress.class: kong
 username: consumer-2
 credentials:
 - consumer-2-key-auth
" | kubectl apply -f -

The results should look like this:

 kongconsumer.configuration.konghq.com/consumer-2 created

Secure the Ingress

Create two plugins.

Create a plugin named httpbin-basic-auth.

 echo '
 apiVersion: configuration.konghq.com/v1
 kind: KongPlugin
 metadata:
   name: httpbin-basic-auth
 config:
   anonymous: anonymous
   hide_credentials: true
 plugin: basic-auth
 ' | kubectl apply -f -

The results should look like this:

 kongplugin.configuration.konghq.com/httpbin-basic-auth created

Create a plugin named httpbin-key-auth.

 echo '
 apiVersion: configuration.konghq.com/v1
 kind: KongPlugin
 metadata:
   name: httpbin-key-auth
 config:
   key_names:
     - apikey
   anonymous: anonymous
   hide_credentials: true
 plugin: key-auth
 ' | kubectl apply -f -

The results should look like this:

 kongplugin.configuration.konghq.com/httpbin-key-auth created

Associate the plugins with the route that you created.

Gateway API

Ingress

kubectl annotate httproute httpbin konghq.com/plugins='httpbin-basic-auth, httpbin-key-auth'

kubectl annotate ingress httpbin konghq.com/plugins='httpbin-basic-auth, httpbin-key-auth'

Anonymous Consumers

Your endpoints are now secure, but neither consumer can access the endpoint when providing valid credentials. This is because each plugin will verify the consumer using it’s own authentication method.

To allow multiple authentication methods, create an anonymous consumer which is the default user if no valid credentials are provided:

Create a consumer named anonymous.
```
 echo "apiVersion: configuration.konghq.com/v1
 kind: KongConsumer
 metadata:
   name: anonymous
   annotations:
     kubernetes.io/ingress.class: kong
 username: anonymous
 " | kubectl apply -f -
```
The results should look like this:
```
 kongconsumer.configuration.konghq.com/anonymous created
```
All requests to the API will now succeed as the anonymous consumer is being used as a default.

To secure the API once again, add a request termination plugin to the anonymous consumer that returns HTTP 401:

Create a Request Termination plugin.

 echo '
 apiVersion: configuration.konghq.com/v1
 kind: KongPlugin
 metadata:
   name: anonymous-request-termination
 config:
   message: "Authentication required"
   status_code: 401
 plugin: request-termination
 ' | kubectl apply -f -

The results should look like this:

 kongplugin.configuration.konghq.com/anonymous-request-termination created

Associate the Request Termination plugin to the anonymous consumer.

 echo '
 apiVersion: configuration.konghq.com/v1
 kind: KongConsumer
 metadata:
   annotations:
     konghq.com/plugins: anonymous-request-termination
     kubernetes.io/ingress.class: kong
   name: anonymous
 username: anonymous
 ' | kubectl apply -f -

The results should look like this:

 kongconsumer.configuration.konghq.com/anonymous configured

Test the configuration

Any requests with missing or invalid credentials are rejected, whereas authorized requests using either of the authentication methods are allowed.

Send a request with invalid credentials.

 curl -i $PROXY_IP/test/status/200 -H apikey:invalid

The results should look like this:

 HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
 Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
 Connection: keep-alive
 WWW-Authenticate: Key realm="kong"
 Content-Length: 37
 X-Kong-Response-Latency: 3
 Server: kong/3.3.1

 {"message":"Authentication required"}%

Send a request without any credentials.

 curl -i $PROXY_IP/test/status/200

The results should look like this:

 HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
 Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
 Connection: keep-alive
 WWW-Authenticate: Key realm="kong"
 Content-Length: 37
 X-Kong-Response-Latency: 1
 Server: kong/3.3.1

 {"message":"Authentication required"}%

Send a request using the basic-auth authentication method

 curl -i $PROXY_IP/test/status/200 -u consumer-1:consumer-1-password

The results should look like this:

 HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
 Content-Length: 0
 Connection: keep-alive
 WWW-Authenticate: Key realm="kong"
 Server: gunicorn/19.9.0
 Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
 Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
 X-Kong-Upstream-Latency: 1309
 X-Kong-Proxy-Latency: 3
 Via: kong/3.3.1

Send a request using the key-auth authentication method

 curl -i $PROXY_IP/test/status/200 -H apikey:consumer-2-password

The results should look like this:

 HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
 Content-Length: 0
 Connection: keep-alive
 Server: gunicorn/19.9.0
 Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
 Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
 X-Kong-Upstream-Latency: 1227
 X-Kong-Proxy-Latency: 4
 Via: kong/3.3.1